Ice making and harvesting apparatus.



l'x WILLIAIVIS` 10E MAKING AND HARVESTING APPARATUS.

Patented 5311.21, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET l.

APPLICATION FILED APR.12,1910.

E. T. WILLIAMS.

1GB MAKING AND HARVESTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 12. 1910.

Patented Jan. 21, 1918.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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6 fun o@ Luffy if? ,Wi/Mimmo 2? v y hp n m l 1 y I :1L-komm@ E. T.WILLIAMS. ICE MAKING AND HARVESTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION NLED APR. 12. 1910. mg. Patented .111121, 1913..

' 9 SHEETS-SHEET a.

E. T. WILLIAMS. ICE MAKING AND HARVESTING APPARATUS.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.12,1910.

LQSMQQ@ Patented Jan. 21, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

ffwam. 1@ f3 (2% MV el Hor/mmf E. T. WILLIAMS. 1GB MAKING AND HARVBSTINGAPPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR.12,1910.

Patented Jan. 21, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

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E. T. WILLIAMS. ICE MAKING AND HARVESTING APPARATUS.

9 SHBBTSFSHBET 6.

Patented Jan. 21, 1913.

APPLIATION FILED APR.12, 1910.

LLQQ@ Miwesses E. T. WILLIAMS.

10E MAKING AND HARVBSTING APPARATUS.

Patented l13111.21, 1913.

9 SHEETSSHEET 7.

APPLIGATION FILED APR.12, 1910.

l @vi/fummo arroz/ump l E. T. WILLIAMS.

ICB MAKING AND HARVESTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APRJZ, 1910.

v Patented Jan. 21, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 84 l AAA A IAM fil' F A :AHH IA! I ym/ff E. T. WILLIAMS.

10E MAKING AND HARVBSTING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 12, 1910.

Patented Jan. 21, 1913.

9 SHEETS-SHEET 9.

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- these and other defects and to secure rapi ICE MAKINGI- .ttlll'lllHARVESTING- PPARATUS,

" i nnvva'an r. trattiene, or encontrar, new Nrena. l I

Specication of' Lettersgratent.

can l Patented dan.. 2li, fllt..

i appncaaoaaaaaprilia,i910. serai no. estera To all whom t 4'mayconcern: A

Be it known that ll, EDWARD il?. WVILLIAMS, a citizen of the UnitedStates, and a resident of Brooklyn, in the county of Kings and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful ln'iprovementsin leeMaking and Harvesting Apparatus, of which the following is aspecification.

My invention relates to ice making and harvesting apparatus and moreparticularly to apparatus of this character of the type in which uprightfreezing molds are located in a tank containing the water to be frozenand in which the ice is harvest-ed without the necessity of removing themolds. Systems of this nature have numerous advantages but have beensubject to certain defects, one of the most serious of` which is theexcessively long time required to freeze and to harvest. lhis arisesfrom the fact that the freezing agent and the thawing agent have beenapplied in an inedective and uneconomical manner, the custom being toemploy coils spaced along the mold walls and running at right angles toeach -other throughout the tank past all of the various molds, in such away that there was much waste in freezing and thawing water not in themolds and in cooling or warming the 30 apparatus itself, and that thefreezing action was irregular, the freezing agent varying considerablyin temperature at its points of inlet and outlet. Another defect lies inthe necessity of operating the entire tank as a unit and in thefaet thatall the molds,

must be subjected simultaneously either to freezing or to thawingaction, it being impossible to select an particular mold or group ofmolds for arvesting while continuing the freezing action with respect toanother or others.

The object -of my invention is to remedv ity, efficiency, economy andexact control in freezing and harvesting. Llhe manner in which theseresults are secured will be more fully apparent from thefollowing'speciication, 'but it may be stated at this point 'y that lconstruct the apparatus in such a manner as to completely .wrapthefreezing zone` of each mold with a rapidly circulating covering of thefreezing or thawin agent,

and employ such arrangements o piping and connections as to secure anydesired minuteness of control to enable one part of the apparatus to besubjected to freezing action at the same time that another part is beingsubjected to thawing action, it being `possible. in my preferredconstruction to treat each mold individually as Adesired withoutreference to any other mold.

Although l have illustrated my invention as embodied inapparatus of thetype above referred to in which the molds are located within the tanlnldo not wish to be understood as limiting it to apparatus in which themolds are solocated except where the I claims specify this location.Furthermore, while ll prefer freezing and thawing jackets individual toeach mold, it will be obvious that this is not the only'possibleembodiment of my invention.

My invention thus deals with the apparatus or system in general and alsowith the construction and relative arrangement of which are illustratedand will be hereinafter described.

An efficient mode of applying the freezing and thawing agents is shownin each mold illustrated, the individual molds being surrounded with acontinuous, circuitous passage or conduit for refrigerating or thawingfluid which forms a complete covering or wrapping for the freezing zoneof the mold and which constitutes a freezing and thawing jacket. Thisconduit is preferably dat and of the most advantageous sha e anddimensions for its purpose. l have illustrated it as constituting a partof the double walled said conduits are" located at thetop of thefreezing zone where access to them is convenient. The construction ofthe m'old bottoms and the means employed for preventing a5 the iceblocks from sticking thereto are also l regarded as novel andimportant.

@ther features of the invention will more lfully appeal" hereinafter andwill be pointed out in the appended claims.

diagrammatic View of the entire system. Fig. 2 is a plan View showing afew of the corresponding to Fig. 2. Fig. i is an end the individualmolds, several forms of mold. Both the inlet and outlet ends of the flReferring to the'drawings: Figure 1- is a ,outer mold casingshowing thepreferred form thereof. Fig. 6 is a perspective viewl y.of the completenmold of this forni, the bottoni being illustrated as open. Fig. 7 vis avertical section through the said mold,theV

` v'bottom, however, being shown as closedin part. Fig. 53 is a planView of a corner of the mold. Fi g. 9 is a vertical section showing thehollow lug and connecting pipe.v Fig. 10 is a plan view illustrating asystem of connections whereby each row of molds may betrcatedindividually. Fig. 11 isr an elevation corresponding to Fig. 10. Fig. 12is' aiplan view illustrating the system of connections for individualtreatment of each mold. Fig. 13 isa side elevation corresponding to Fig.l2. Fig. 1%1 is an end elevation corresponding to Figs. 12 and 13. Fig.15 is a det-ail view showing the connections of one of the molds asemployed in the construction shown in the preceding t-hree iigures. Fig.16 is a vertical section showing the mold supported from below andillustrating also a modiied form of inold. Fig.

17 is a vert-ical section at right angles to the section shown in Fig.16,- the construction being modified by the omission of insulationaround the molds and theV molds being suspended from above vinstead ofbeing supported from below as in Fig. 16. Fig. 18-is a -plan viewcorresponding to Fig. 17. Fig. 19 is a developmentA in perspective ofthe inside of the outer mold. Fig. 20 is lan elevation partly in sectionshowing an air j acketed mold. Fig. f21 is a detail sectional viewillustrating the construction ofv the said mold. Fig. 22 is a plan viewof a mold having the preferred form df bottom. Fig. 23 is a verticalsection through the same showing also the air feedingcpipe. Fig. 424C isa vertical section showing a plurality of molds of thekind illustratedinv Figs. 22 and 23 and showing the air pipe connections. Fig. 25 1s anelevation partly in section of another form of mold. Fig. 26 is an endelevation thereof and Fig. 27 aplan view. Y

Y Referring especially tq Fig, 1, which is a diagrammatic viewk of theentirel system, 1 designates the prime motor Villustrated as agaseng'ine; 2 the ammonia com ressor; 3 theaiiimonia feed line; 4 theliqui ammonia receiver; 5 the ammonia return line; 6 the ammoniacondenser; 7 the brine cooler; 8 the brine heater; 9 the water supplywhich after passing'through the ammonia condenser serves .to heat thebrine; 10 the cold brine supply pipe; 1'1 the cold brine return pipe; 12the cold brine tank; 13 the cold brine pump; 14 the warm brine supplypipe; 15 .the warm brine return pipe; 16 the warm brine tank., and 17the warm brine pump. 'The action of systems of 'this character is wellknown and need not-be detailed. It is described.

similar character -cold brine or warm brine or other suitable freezingor thawing fluid may be supplied tothe apparatus about to be Theinsulated tank 20 is filled witliwater, a continuous flow beingmaintained, preferably automatically, as by a oat valve 21 governing thewater supply'pipe 9, an overflow pipe 22 being provided. Within thistank the freezing molds 23 are arranged in parallel rows, the moldsbeing preferably submerged so that, when ,ice formed in them is releasedby warming the molds, the Water in the tank floats the cakes high enoughso that they may be grasped by tongs or otherwise conveniently removed.During the process of freezing this submerged location `of the molds isalso desirable, since it enables impurities to pass from the molds intothe water above them and'iinally through the overflow out of the tank;The molds are preferably supported from below, but theyv may besuspended, both arrangements being illustrated. ln systems of Ythischaracter it is customary 'to provide means for agitatiiig the watervwithin each vmold by deliveringy an air jet thereto at the bottom. Fora similar purpose I employ a series of jet lines 26` having jet openings27 through which fluid under pressure is forced. These jety lines mayconduct air under pressure, but in Fig.

1 are illustrated as supplied with water from the tank by the pump 28driven from the engine 1 and submerged in the tank.

For certain purposes water is preferable,

since there is no danger that it will increase the temperature orintroduce impurities. l prefer, however, to use water, and also airdelivered in a special manner by4 additional jet lines. Thisconstruction will be hereinlafter described.

In the drawings, I have shown several different arrangements of hot andcold brine connections and before describing in detail the freezingmolds of my invention, I will Y explain the system and the connectionsas illustrated in Figs. l, 2, 3, 16 and 17.v 29 designates the' freezingand thawing jackets of the various molds. These preferably stop" to thefreezing jackets by'cross headers 30 The freezing or thawing medium issuppliedv y and returned therefrom by' cross headers 31,

one end lof each conduit. being connected to -a supply header and theother to a return header, the molds thus being connected in parallel?.These headers areconveniently located adjacent to rows of molds andbetween them bu-t may-be arranged above the dll ncanaee ply crossheaders .30 are each connected to the coldv brine supply pipe and to thewarm brineI supply pipe 14, while the return p cross Yheaders 31 areeach connected to the cold brine return pipe 11 and to the warm returnbrine pipe 15. Suitable. valves 32 control the connections so that thecold brine can be turned on anid the warm brine turned ed or vice-versa.Individual valves have been shown for clearness, but it is plain thatthree-way valves may be employed for ccnl venience. Other valves, thepurpose rof which is evidentand which need not be furtherparticular-ized, are shown. llt will be apparent that with thisarrangement it is not necessary to operate the entire tank as a unit,but that freezing may be going on in one part of the tank by means ofcertain cross headers, while at the same .time other cross headers areconveying warmY brine to the rows of molds, which they serve, to harvestthe ice therein.

As already suggested one of the great advantages of my invention isspeed and economy oth in freezing and 1n harvesting. rlhis is dueespecially to the application of the freezing or thawing agent 'directlyto the mold walls and thus to all freezi surfaces of the block, to itsrapid circu ation thereover, and to insulating the parts of theapparatus carrying said agents, so that limif tation 4of freezing orthawing action to the titi desired location is secured. ln' freezingrapidity of circulation is important since since the speed "of freezingvaries largely as the speed with which the refrigerant moves. lnstead ofhaving to thaw out the whole tank in harvestin it is necessary merely tomelt a thin film o ice probably not more than one hundredth of an inchthick to release the block which by its buoyancy assisted by the moldtaper (not shown) readily frees itself. Where, on the contrary, the oldconstruction with pipes in the tankeis used, `even where they areincontact with the outer wall of the mold, thistcontact if the pipes areround is only a line, and before any appreciable amount of heat can rbetransmitted, it is necssary to break down crystallization in the icesurrounding the pipe. llt is then neces- Sary to melt out the icebetween the molds. Heat is lost at all parts'of the pipe except thesingle line in contact with the mold so that it is obvious that theremust be a great waste.

The connections from the headers to the mold jackets may v var but areconveniently such as to enab e individual molds yto'be removedfReferring to Figs. 2-4, the Amoldjackets are each provided with hollowlugs 40 to the top of which the pipes 4l from the header are secured.The rela tion of the pipes 41 to the lugs 40 may be permanent,disconnection being effected elsewhere when desired, but the lug mayhave two openings as in Fig. 9 into either of which the pipe may bescrewed, suitable washers 42, 43 being provided, and a plug 44 closingthe opening not in use. Fig. 3 shows the better .arrangement in whichthe pipes 41 are connected permanently to the lugs 40 and disconnectiblyto the pipes 45 leading from or to the headers 30 or 31 bv unions 46.The cross headers 30-31 and the pipes 45 are insulatedj at a withnonyconducting water-proof cement or other ma` terial of suit-ablecharacter. Insulation may also be used on the rest of the connectionsbut is preferably omitted where it would interfere with thedisconnection of the parts. lhis arrangement makes it possible to removeindividual molds, wheneve'r this becomes necessary forrepairing orreplacing them, without interferring with the operation of the system,it being merely necessary to plug up the open ends of the pipes45. f

Wit-hin the scope of my invention l may employ various moldconstructions several of which are shown. Uf these l prefer in somerespects that illustrated particularly in Figs. 3-9, although the moldis made more edective by the additionvof an insulating jacket as inFigs. 20 and 21, and although l prefer the bottom constructionillustrated in Figs. 22-24. This mold is of the` customary orothersuitable size and shape, having a draw to assist the ice block to freeitself, is double walled and has' a continuous, circuitous substantiallyspiral passage or -condu'it formed in said double wall, the passagestarting at the inlet 47 and ending at the outlet` 48. y'llhe insidewall 24 of the mold is plain but the outside' wall 25 has inwardlyprojecting ridgesor depressions 49 formed from'the substance iro of thesheet constituting theouterwall.-v

These ridges are substantiallyv il-shaped in Across sectlon and arepreferably substantially parallel. 'lhey are ofv uniform depth faitl sothat, when the outer shell is in position,

their inner edges are at the same time in continuous contact with,the'inner wall of the mold. Until the mold is made yup,thesel ridges are notcontinuous, but are divided into parts ending, with the possibleexception of the first ridge' at the top and the last ridge at thebottom,adjacent the lines of fold. The ends' 50 of each of these ridgesadjacent the line of ,fold slant at an angle of 45c so that when thesheetwhich is to form the outer wall of the mold 4is folded togetherinto a shell t-hese Vends form a mlter as shown in Fig. A8. 'It willlbeunderstoodthat afterthe outer shell has been also along the bands at.the top and bottom.

\ f \With respect to this Vbe borne 1n mind that the two walls of themold need not` be duid tight since some leakage might occur fromconstruction it is to the passage between one .portion of it to the nextwithout injurious effect. This construction has eXibility which isdesirable to enable the mold to withstand the strain due to expansionand contraction." Vihere the molds are to be manufactured 1n quantitythis construction 1sl especially, advantageous, since it will be readilyapparent on inspection of Fig. 5

, ends,

that the outer sheet may be pressed. This mold is thus simple and cheapwhen once the 'die forms have been made. 'inthe mold as shown in Fig. 6the space between the inner and outer walls at the bottom and at the topof the freezing zone is closed by suitable means as by the frames 51.rl`he mold as shown in this figure is open at both but l considerpreferable the construction shown in Fi s. 3 and 7 in which the mold has'a doubfle walled bottom 52-53 closed except for an opening 5 4 abovethe duid jet27. Within this double bottom the freezing agent circulatesso as to freeze the block square on the bottom and avoid the necessityof any wastev by reason of squaring it after it is removed from themold, It is preferable also t0 provide af third bottom .wall`55 betweenwhich and the wallv 53 is a dead air insulating space. This is adesirable construction Aparticularly where large blocks are to befrozen. It will be noted that it combines the advantages ,of

the closed bottom mold with those of the open bottom mold', the hole inthe bottom permitting the desired circulation of water within -the mold.Particularly where the hole` 54; is round, the jet of air or water passing up through it has an injector actlon tendin to carry with itwater from the tank. he object of the insulating space 1s of course torevent freezing of the water in the tank elow the mold and to avoidwaste. by the transference of heat units' where this is not desired.

The general arrangement of connections above described, and illustratedin the fivures already particularly referred to, is re ativelyinexpensive and convenient and perm1t`s the operation' of the tankvotherwise than, as a unit. It does not, however, allow each row of moldsto be operated as desiredY without reference tothe operation of the adjaeent row of molds. To accomplish this purpose-I may* provideconnections as illustrated in Figs. 10 and 11 in which each row thesecond l the thawin meines of molds is provided with two headers, asupply header 60 and a return header 61 which are connected to thefreezing and thawing means of individual molds, the supply headers 60 bythe pipes 62 and the return headers 61 by thel pipes 63, these pipesbeing provided with unions 64; whereby the molds are made individuallydetachable. It

will be obvious that these connections may b e used with molds ofvarious constructions. As with the connections described above, .thefreezing or thawing agent passes from a supply hea-der around a mold andthen at once to the return header, so that the most eifective act-ion issecured, the freezing agent not being circulated sutilciently to changeunduly in temperature before it is again returned to the system andrestored to its original temperature,V ylhe advantage of being able tofreeze one row of molds while thawing the molds of the adjacent row isapparent. Obviously it will be easy to provide in the connections shownin this, or in the other iigures, valves to shut olf individual molds.Where a still more minute control is desired l employ the system ofconnections shown in Figs. 12 to 15 inclusive which makes it possible totreat each individual mold as `desired without reference to any othermold.. in order to accomplish this result l .provide adjacent each rowof molds two supply headers and .two return headers, the supply headers65 and the return headers 66 carrying the freezing agent and the supplyheaders 67 and' the return headers 68 carrying the thawing agent. Thecold supply headers 65 are connected by pipes 69 to the inlets of themolds in the adjacent rows. The warm supply headers 67 are connected bypipes 7 0 to the pipes 69. At the junction ofthese pipes 69 and 70 areprovided three Way va ves 71, whereby as will readily be apparent,freezing agent may be admitted to .the mold jacket inlet, thawing agentmay be admitted, or both may be excluded. Similarly theoutlets of moldjackets of adjacent rows are connected by pipes 72 to the return headers66 'and the pipes 72 are-connected by pipes 73 with the return headers68. At the junction of the pipes 72 and 73 are provided three Wayvvalves serve to control the return in the manner just specified withrespect tothe control of the supply. These headers are supplied withfreezing agent and .with thawingx agent by supply mains or headers 7 5-76, t e first of which conducts the freezing agent and agent. Similarlyreturn mains 77 and 8 carrying respectively the freezing agent and thethawing agent are provided, and to these mains the various headers abovereferred to are suitably connected.

vided both in the warm andin the cold l en 1 Relief valves 79 arepromains. llt is not necessary to the successful i 1 working of thesystem that the pipes carrying the freezing agent should be insulated.

but edciency is greatly increased thereby. Accordingly, in Fig. il haveshown insulation a applied to the pipes 69 and 72. rlihis insulation ispreferably water-proof ce- .ment of suitable character, although ofcourse ll am not limited thereto. lt will be understood that this modeof connection of the various molds is of wide utility and that it may beemployed with molds of various constructions.

llt has already been stated that the molds may be supported from belowor may be suspended, and that the molds need not be constructed with anouter shell having ridges or depressions although as statedthis is thepreferred form. ln Figs. lli-19 constructions are shown illustratingthese statements, Fig. 16 showing molds supported from the bottom, andFigs. 17 and 18 a substantially similar construction in which the moldsare, however, suspended. The.

general lan of the connections is that illust-rated diagrammatically inFig. l and the same as that already described, the freezing or thawingagent passing from the inlet 83. at the top of the mold to the outletBit, also at the. top ofthe mold, by the winding or y double spiral pathindicated by the-arrows.

system is the same, although the const-ruction diers from that of Fig. 3in that the supply and return headers 31 are located labove the moldsinstead of between them.

'llhe lugs 40 and the connecting pipes dl also di'er in detail fromthose shown in Fig. 3. rllhe molds 23, as shown in Fig. 16,

are supported by wooden beams or strips 81,

which not only serve the purpose stated,

but also prevent undue freezing at the bottom of the molds. lt will benoted in this connection that the molds shown in these formed ,by adivision strip, 82 winding around between the double walls of the mold23 and suitably secured to one or both of them. No detailed explanationis necessary' since the operation of these molds is the llt will benoted also that Fig. 16 shows the molds covered with insulation a, theentire space between adjacent molds being cement of suitable characterbeing preferred. lt will be understood at once that this is' g anadvantageous arrangement, since it pre- .can systems..

vents the transference of heat units where this is not desired and makesthe entire quires but a few additional words. lin these figures themolds are provided with brach ets 86 which rest upon bars 87 from whichthe molds are suspended. lhe space between the molds may in thisconstruction also be filled with insulation as shown in Fig. 16, or theinsulation may be omitted as shown inFigs. 17 and 18. The arrangement ofthe strip whereby the double spiral passage is formed as well as thedirection of dowof the duid is shown in Fig. l9.

Figs. 20 yand 2l show a mold exhibiting the preferred mode ofinsulation. rlhis mold has a freezing and thawing jaclretof the desiredcharacter. lt also has a bottom 88 and a bottom 89 spaced therefrom toconstitute an insulating dead air space. 90 is a shell connecting Vthesetwo bottoms and inclosing a hole through which the air or water jetplays. mold passes down beyond the frame 92 to the lower bottom 89.There isa corresponding frame 93 closing the upper part of the brmespace above which the inner wall of the mold preferably extends. Thesides of the mold thus 'formed are surrounded by a dead air space formedby the casing 9d which entends from the bottom 89 to the frame 95 at thetop. Bushings 96 are se cured to the outer wall 89 and the casing 94.llnto these bushings are screwthreaded pipes 97 forming inletsandoutlets to and from the brine space. lt will be understood that anylof the molds illustrated herein, or indeed others, may be provided witha casing and dead air space as suggested in.

these figures.

lln Figs. 22-24, l have shown a construction of mold bottom and anarrangement of means for delivering cold or hot airthereto and to theinterior of the molds which ll regard as superior, to the double bottomabove described. ilu this construction the freezing-zone need not entendunder the bottom 100 of the vcan or form a part of the bottom.l Moreoverthe lo-wer bottom wall which in the other constructions forms with theupper bottom wall a dead air space is omitted, the water acting as aseal trapping air between its surface, the loottom 99, the extendedinclosing mold wall lOl), and the shell lOl which surrounds the holethrough the bottom of the can and is surrounded by the air space. y Thisshell 'is preferably provided with a central bridge opening on the saidair space and havingperforations 103. its indicated in Fig. 2l,

The outer wall 9i of the ico` n ias Y each ci' the molds has its bottomconstructed in this manner and i provide a system of piping fordelivering hot orcold air to the space below the bottom 99,' from whichit is directed by the bridge 102 to the perforations 103 from which itescapes to the interior oi the mold. 104 represents the cold air pipe;105 the w'armair pipe and 106` one of the cross headers from whichextend up delivery pipes 107 having capped perforated 'heads 108. Toprevent the coolin of ythe warm air during its passage through the tank,the pipes within the tank are provided with water-proof insulation a asindicated. The supply of air to each cross header is controlled by athree way valve 109. 1t is not necessary to provide individual control:tor each mold. The principal purpose of this construction is to avoidany possible diihculty with respect to thesticking of the block at thebottom of the mold in harvesting, while at the samev time facilitatingthe freezing action during the freezing operation and agitating orassisting to agitate the water in the mold. During freezing air ofordinary temperature, or air passed through a cooler, is delivered tothe cross header or headers' 106 from which it passes 'by the deliverypipes 107 to the water sealed bottoms in the `tom parts of the moldandpreventing the block` romsticking at this point. The air may beheated in any desired way as by steam jacketing a section of the airlineoutside of the tank orA by employing ex- Chaust from the gas engine '1na similar jacket. This construction may be employed without interferingwith the submerged pump and'. water .jet line. It will be ap-v parentthat a bottom of this character mayl be employed in; connection withvarious kinds `of molds such as those above` de- "scribed or inconnection ywith others for that matter. This construction I consider -vparticularly advantageous as removing any possibility of difficulty intheoperation-of the apparatus. The application 'of thawing. fluid to theWalls and bottom of the 'mold in contact with the frozen ice-cake is.very advantageous, whether the means' Vfor applyinglt to lthe bottom isseparate,

Loenaec from the freezing and thawing jacket, as in the constructionjust described, or a part of it, as in Figs. 3 and-7. rlFhis .insuresthe formation of a cake having its bottmiv of proper shape, and thecertain and quick release of the cake from the mold. The latter objectis, however, best etlected by -an auxiliary thawing chamber or-hot airpocket of which a desirable form is illustrated in Figs. 23 and 24.

Another form of mold embodying my invention andone which may be readilyand cheaply constructed is illustrated in Figs. E25-27. This mold likethe rest is do-uble walled, the passage`or conduit between the wallsbein formed by bars 110 which constitute divisions for this purpose andform a continuous, circuitous passage.' An, inlet 111 and'- an outlet112 with corresponding supply and return pipes 113 and 114: respectivelyare provided. rlihe mold has a double bottom 115, 116 and a shell 117constituting an air space, being constructed in.

this respect like 'the mold, shown in Fig. 20, so that furtherexplanation is needless.

Several diderent arrangements .of connections have been described. Theone shown in Figs. 12-15 which permits thein- By referring to the moldsas open at.

the" top, l do not of course mean to imply that they may not haveremovable covers.

when theirtops are accessible.

What l claimas my invention is: y 1. `10e making apparatus -comprisingin combination, a water tank, f upright molds therein open at the to andin communication with the. tank at t e bottom, individual freezing meanssurrounding each mold, a.

system for supplying freezing iuidto said individual m'eansand for`returning" it therefrom, connections between said systeml and means,and a supply line for delivering `fluid under pressure t agitata thewater in the molds. A 1

l2. Ice -makingapparatuslv .comprising .in combination, duidycoolingmeans land lfluid heating means, a system of pipesfor-*handlingthe cold/huid, a s stem of pipes'for handling' thewarmi'luiu a water tank,- e plurality; of uprightfreezing molds thereino en' at the top and Ain communication 1- at t e lbottom with' saidtank, individual freezric lll

insinua ling means surrounding each mold, and devices for connectingsaid individual means to either the hot or cold system.

3. Ice making apparatus vcomprising in' combination, duid coolingmeansand fluid heating means, a system of pipes for handling the cold fluid,a system kof pipes for handling the warm fluid, a water tank, aplurality of upright freezing molds submerged therein open at the topand in com- 'munication at--the bottom with said tank, a

--deviees for providing each mold with a rapidly circulating wrapping offreezing or thawing Huid in contact with the ice forming mold walls, anda system of piping for supplying freezing and'thawing fluid to saidindividual freezing and thawing means.

5. lice making apparatus comprisingl in combination, a water tank, meansfor causing a continuous flow loffresh water therethrough, la pluralityof vupright jacketed freezing molds therein open atthe top and incommunication withsaid tank at the bottom, a freezing fluid supply pipe,a freezing fluid return pipe, and connections be* tween the individualjackets and both of,

said pipes.

6. lice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of freezing molds submerged therein open at the top and incommunication at the bottom with said tank, and comprising al flatcoiled ,conduit forming a' continuous freezing zone, Imeaifis for`supplying freezing duid or thaw ing duid at pleasure to the saidconduits and' for withholding either therefrom at pieasure, and meanstordelivering fluid under pressure below said molds toagitate the Awaterwithin them.

7. lice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water therefrom open at the top andin communication at the bottom'with said tank, 'said moldseach havingdouble walls constructed to form a continuous conduit covering thesurface of that mold, the said molds having transverse bottoms and ahole therethrough,

and a pipe below the mold bottoms for deliverii-ig fluid through theopenings in the bottom of the molds to agitate the water therein.

8. lee making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright freezing molds receiving water therefrom havingfreezing and thawing jackets surrounding them and having transversebottoms provided with a hole whereby communication between the interiorof the molds` and the tank is secured, and with means for insulatingthem from the .water beneath them, means for conducting lfreezing orthawing fluid to said jackets, and a pressure line for supplying fluidunder pressure .to the interior of said molds.

9. lee making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright freezing molds therein having freezing and thawingjackets surrounding themr and having bottoms provided with a holewhereby communication between the interior of the molds and the tank issecured, means for conducting freezing or thawing fluid to said ackets,a pressure line for supplying Huid under pressure to the interior ofsaid molds, and a pump in communication with said tank for supplyingwater therefrom to said line.

l0. lice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, meansfor supplying said tank with water, upright molds receiving Wat-er fromsaid tank open at the top and having transverse bottoms provided with-insulating means and with a hole through which water may pass to themold,

said molds having ice forming mold walls in contact with the water to befrozen, means for applying freezing and thawing fluid directly to theice forming mold walls, means for supplying freezing fluid and thawingluid at di'erent times to said applying means and for returning ittherefrom, and a supply line for delivering Huid under pressure toagitate the water in the molds.

ll. lee making apparatus comprising in combination, a Water tank, meansfor supplying said tank with water, upright molds in said tank` open atthe top and in communication at the bottom with said tank and having iceforming mold walls in contact with the water to be frozen,'mcans forapplying freezing and thawing Huid directly 'to the ice forming moldwalls, means for supplying freezing duid and thawing duid atdiderent'times to said applying means and for returning freezing fluidtherefrom, and a supply line for delivering fluid under pressure toagitato t-he water in the molds.

l2. lee making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank,upright freezing moldsV receiving water from said tank ope'n at the topand in communication at the bottom withv said tank, freezing meanssuriic rounding each mold, supply and returnV headers for freezingfluid, and connectionsv from a supply header to a return header eachincluding the freezing means for a single mold only. Y

13. lice making apparatus comprising in combination, a watertankyaplurality of upright molds receiving water from said tank,

open at the top and in communication at the bottom with the tank, a pairof freezing fluid supply and return headers, a pair of means incommunication with one pair of` right 'molds receiving headers, and partin communication with the other pair cf headers at the same time.

14. Ice making lapparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving watertherefrom and in communicationtherewith at the bote tom, freezing and thawing jackets for said molds,a system lof piping for circulating freezing fluid, a system of pipingfor circulating thawing fluid, connections between ,said freezing andthawing jackets and both supply systems, andmeans for varying, saidconnections to' include thawing jackets in either system and excludethem from the other. v 15. Ice making apparatus comprising incombination, a water tank, a plurality of upwater therefrom and incommunication at the bottom therewith, freezing and thawing means forsaid molds, a freezing iiuid supply header and a freezing fluid returnheader, a thawing iuidsupplyheader and a thawing fluid return header,connections between'said freezing and thawing means and said headers andmeans for placing selected freezing and thawing means 'in communicationat willl with a pair of supply and return headers ofi j either kind. I

16. Ice making apparatus comprising in 1 combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water from said tank g open at thetop and in communication at the i bottom with the tank, individualfreezing andth'awing means for each mold, afreezing f fluid supplyheader and a `thawing fluid supply header, a freezing fluid returnheader and athawing iluid return header, connections between thefreezing and thawingI means of each individual mold and .two

pairs Vof said supply and return headers, said individual freezing andthawing means 1 being connected in mu1tiple,land valves gov erning saidconnections.'

17. In ice making apparatus, a rectan l said freezing and hr moldYha.vin, rmean.s surrounding it or apanage providing it with a rapidlycirculating band,

of freezing or thawing duid constituting a continuous covering for its.freezing and thawing zone, an inlet and ari outlet for said means'onopposite sides of said mold and at the top thereof. 1 v

18. ln ice making apparatus, a freezing mold, freezing meansconstituting a continuous covering for its freezing and thawing zone andcomprising a continuous conduit winding around the mold from its top toits bottom and back to its top, an inlet at one end of said conduit andan outlet at the other for freezing duid. Y

19. ln ice making apparatus, a'freezing mold, freezing means surroundingsaid mold and comprising a continuous conduit winding spirally aroundthe mold from its'top Ato its -sbottom andback spirally to its top.

both spirals being in the same plane and constituting a continuoussheath or coverf ing for the mold, an inlet at one end in' the saidconduit and an outlet at the other for freezing iiuid. y

20. ln ice making apparatus, a double walled mold having in the spacebetweenthe walls a spiral division or partition forming a double spiralpassage therein returning on itself and formingv a complete wrapping`for the freezing zone of the mold.

21. in ice making apparatus, aLrectangular mold having a double wallcomprising an -inner wall and anouter shell having distinct inwardlyAprojecting ridges formed from the body thereof `and constituting acontinuous spiral division or partition secured to said inner wall anddividing the y space betweenthe walls into a continuous` conduit forming`a jacket or sheath for the i mold, and an inlet andoutlet forsaidconduit.

22. In ice making apparatus, adouble; walled mold having a series ofdistinct depressions in its outer wall constituting a continuousdivision or partition and forming a continuous double spiral passage orconduit around the mold returning on. itself,

an inlet to one end of said passage and an outlet from the other.

23. In ice making apparatus, a doublewalled mold having slanting vdepressions in its outer wall ending adjacent upright lines of the foldand in line each with another and having angular ends forming mitercorners when the mold is assembled.

24. Ice making apparatus comprising inv combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds ysubmerged therein open at the top and incommunication-therewith at the bottom, insulated freezing and thawingmeans for individual molds, a system for circulating freezing fluid, andconnections between said system and means.

25. ice/making apparatus comprising Y mareas fluid therein.

26'. lce making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds submerged therein open at the top and incommunication therewith at the bottom and having freezing and thawingjackets'and insulating air jackets outside said freezing and thawingjackets,`a system for circulating freezing fluid and thawing fluid, andconnections between said systems and means.

27. llce making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds submerged therein open at the top and incommunication therewith at the bottom and having freezing and thawingjackets and insulatingair jackets outside said freezing and thawingjackets and eX- tending above the same, a system for circulatingfreezing fluid and thawing fluid, and connections between said systemand means.

28. lee making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright freezing molds submerged therein and incommunication therewith at the top and bottom, individual freezing andthawl ing means surrounding each individual mold, headers for supplyingfreezing or thawing fluid to the said individual freezing and. thawingmeans, insulation surrounding the outside of said freezing and thawingmeans, and means" for agitating the water in the molds.

29. lee making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank,upright molds open at the top and in communication at the bottomwithsaid tank, freezing means for individual molds, freezing fluid supplyand freezing fluid return headers, means for supporting the molds, anddisconnectible .connections between said freezing means and said headerswhereby the molds are individually removable without interference withthe operation of the rest of the molds.

30. lee making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aseries of rows of upright jacketed freezing molds receivingwater fromsaid tank open at the top and in communication therewith at the bottom,a series of freezing fluid supply headers each connected to the molds oftwo adjacent rows, a series of freezing fluid return headers alternatingwith the supply headers and each connected to theniolds of two adjacentrows, and means for circulating freezing fluid through said headers.

31. Ice making'apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water from said tank arranged inparallel rows open at the top and in communication with the tank at thebottom, a supply header, and return header for each row, and freezingand thawing means surrounding each mold, said means being connected inparallel with their supplyl and return headers.

32. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright freezing molds receiving water from said tankarranged in rows, freezing and thawing means surrounding each mold andindividual thereto, a supply header and a return header for each row ofmolds, connections between each of said freezing and thawing means and asupply header and between each of said means and a return header, andmeans for circulating freezing or thawing fluid through said freezingand thawing means.

33. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water from said tank open at thetop and in communication therewith atthe bottom, freezing and thawingmeans individual to each mold, a system for circulating freezing fluidand thawing fluid, connections between said system and means, anddevices for varying said connections to enable one part of the apparatusto be subjected to freezing while another is being subjected to thawing.

34. Ice making apparat-us comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving `water from Said tank and incommunication at the bottom therewith, individual freezing and thawingdevices for each mold, a freezing Huid supply and return system, athawing iluid supply a-iid'return system, and means for connecting thefreezing and thawing devices for any individual mold at will with eithersystem.

35. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds open at the top and in com` inunication withthe tank at the bottom and arranged in parallel rows, a plurality ofpairs of supply headers and return headers for freezing fluid, aplurality of pairs of supply headers and return headers for thawingfluid, individual freezing and thawing meanssurroundiug said molds,connections between the freezing and thawing means of each individualmold and a pair of each kind, and means for varying the connections toplace any individual freezing and thaw-.

ing means in communication at will with either of said pairs.

36. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of ,freezing molds receiving water from said tank open atlwthetop and in communication with the tank at the bottom and located inparallel rows, freezing and thawing means surrounding each individualmold, freezing fluid supply and return headers, thawing fluid supply andreturn headers, the freezing and thawing means of the individual moldsbeing connected in parallel with each other to bothsaid freezing andthawing supply and return headers, and valves in the connections wherebyfreezing fluid or thawing fluid may be caused to flow through saidindividual freezing and thawing means as desired.

37. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water from said tank open at thetop and in communication 'with the tank at the bottom and arranged' in ropen at the top and having transverse bottoms provided with holeswhereby they are in communication with said tank, and with air trappingmeans open to the tank, and devices for delivering air to said airtrapping means.

39. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination. a water tank, aplurality of freezing molds receiving water from said f tank open at thetop and having bottoms provided with holes whereby they are incommunication with said tank, an air line having means to deliver air tothe under side of the bottom, and Vdevices for conducting said airthrough the hole in the bottom to the interiorof the mold.

40. Ice' making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water from said tank having atransverse bottom provided with a hole whereby the mold is incommunication with said tank, and having a wall extended down belowsaidlbottom, a shell `surrounding said hole and depending from saidbottom, the space below the bottom between the depending wall and shellforming a water sealed air trapping space, an air pipe provided withmeans for introducing air under pressure to said space, and devices fordelivering it therefrom to the interior of the mold.

41. In ice making apparatus, a mold having a transverse bott-om providedwith a hole surrounded by an open ended shell depending from said bottomand having also a wall y'depending from its bottom and inclosing saidshell to form an open bottomed space below the bottom between thedepending shell and wall.

42. In ice making apparatus, a mold having a transverse bottom providedwith a hole surrounded by Y'an open ended shell depending from saidbottom and having also a wall depending from its bottom and inclosingsaid shell to form an open bottomed space below the bottom between thedepending shell and extended wall, and a perforated bridge extending,across said shell.

43. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank,upright molds receiving water from said tank open at the top and incommunication at the bottom with said tank and having mold walls andtransverse bottoms in contact with the con- 4 tents of the mold, andmeansfor applying freezing fluid directly to the mold walls and forapplying thawing fluid directly to the mold walls and to the transversebottom'.

44. Ice making apparatus comprising .in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water from said tank, freezing andthawing means for saidk niolds, said molds having transverse bottomsprovided with holes whereby the molds are in communication with thetank, said bottoms having auxiliary thawing chambers, and means fordelivering thawing Huid to said auxiliary chambers.

45. Ice making apparatus comprising in combination, a water tank, aplurality of upright molds receiving water from the tank, open at thetop and having a bottom provided with a hole whereby the mold isy incommunication with the tank, freezing and thawing means for said molds,a shell depending from the bottom of the mold and surrounding the holetherein, a Wall d e-4 pending from said bottom and inclosing said ishell and leaving a space between said wall and shell directly beneaththe bottom, and a thawing fluid supply pipe to deliver thawing fluid tosaid space.

46. Ice making apparatus `comprising in YI` combination, a 'water tank,a plurality of upright molds receiving water from the tank, open at thetop and having a bottom provided with` a hole whereby the mold 1s incommunication with the tank, freezing and thawing means for said molds,a shell depending from the bottom of the mold and surrounding the hole`therein, a wall dei meme@ pending from said bottom and inclosing saidshell and leaving an open bottomed air trapping space between said Walland shell directly beneath the bottom, and ineens for delivering cold orWarm air es desired to seid space.

47. .lfn ice making apparatus, et mold provided With freezing andthawing means and with e transverse bottom having beneath it rin en airpocket and provided with e hole sur- 10 rounded by a shell dependingfrom said bottom and constituting one Wall of said pocket. Signed by meat New York city, New York, this 11th day of April, 1910.

EDWARD T. WLLAMS, Witnesses:

CEAS. Wirs'mnnnne, HARRY T. BERNHARD.

